Helicopter



May 6 1924. 1,493,018

P. G. cARB HELICOPTER Filed Auz. 25 1922 4 Sheet's-Sheet 2 ,2, v jw May 6 1924.

P. G. CARBO HELICOPTER Filed Aug; 25 1922 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented May 6, 1924. V

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PATENT .oFF-lcE.

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Application filed August 2 To all whom z't may concern:

Be it known that I, Pnono GuIx CARBo, a

' subject of the King of Spain, and resident of New York city, county of New York, State of New York, have invented a new and useful Helicopter, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a heavier than air flying machine.

An important object of this invention is to provide a flying machine in which the center of gravity is so low that the danger of capsizing is obviated.

A further object is to provide planes whose air resisting surfaces may be varied, so that the machine may rise unhampered with the air resisting surface at a minimum,

but when descending the planes may be closed to counteract this downward movement.

A still further object is to provide means to ide the air passing from the propeller bla e s to the steering planes so that the ma chine may be more readily handled.

Further objects of the invention will appear in the following detailed descri tion taken in connection with the following rawings, forming a part of this specification, and in which Figure 1 is a side elevation of the machine.

Figure 2 is a rear elevation of the same.

Figure 3 is a top plan with the planes in a substantially horlzontal position.

Figure 4 is a top plan with the planes in positlon as for an ascent.

Figure 5 is a detail view of one of the planes, and

Figure 6 is a secticn on line 6-6 of F1gure 5.

Figure 7 is a detail view of the method of connecting planes to the machine.

In the accom anying drawings, whereinv similar numera refer to similar parts throughout the same, the numeral 10 designates the lower frame of my machine which is constructed of end pieces 11 and cross} ieces 12. Extending upwardly and inwardy from the corners of this frame 10 are struts 13 having their upper ends joined by braces 14. Uprights 15 are fixed to each corner of the braces 14 and are inclined outwardly to their upper terminals where they are connected by two end pieces 16 and two cross-bars 17 forming an upper frame 18.

5, 1922. Serial No. 584,380.

These cross bars 17 project outwardly past the1r connection with the uprights 15 and the end pieces 16 for a purpose hereinafter set forth.

Corner braces 19 project inwardly and upwardly from the corners of the upper frame 18 and are joined at their inner ends by. relatively short rods 20. A fabric covering 71 covers thearea between corner braces 19, j

rods 20, and bars 16 and 17.

A p'ilots seat 21 is fitted upon the lower frame 10 and it is also equipped with landing wheels 22 and pontoons 23. A motor 24 is also mounted on the'lower frame 10 anddrives a horizontal shaft 25 which carries a propeller 26 upon one end as shown and at the op osite end the shaft 25 carries a bevel gear 2 which drives a second bevel gear 28 mounted at thelowermost end of a vertical shaft 29.

This vertical shaft 29 extends upwardly between the uprights 15 and is supported therein by suitable bearings 30. A spider 31 1s carried by'the rods 20 of the frame work 32 above the upper frame 18, and the shaft 29 is there supported by hearings in this spider. A propeller 33 is mounted on the upper end of. the shaft 29.

The cross-bars 17 of the upper frame 18 Gerry sleeves 34 which are rotatable thereon, between the end pieces 16 and planes 35 project from these sleeves and are moved therewith by cables 36 passing over the top of frame-work 32 and down to suitable control levers. Upon the two ends of the cross-bars 17 are resiliently fitted the rods ,77. These 'rods 77 carry pivots 39 which extend through the rods 77 and carry members 43 and end members 40 and 41' at their ends. The end'members 40 and 41 have the greater portion of their length on the outermost side.

of shaft 39. The short rods 77 are joined to the cross-bars 17 by a resilient connection as illustrated in Figure 7. Hinges 78 have one plate 79 fixed upon the bar 17 while the other plate carries the short rod 77 which carries the pivot 39 upon the outer end. Bolts 80 have one end fixed to rods 77 while the other end passes throu h bar 17 and carries a coil spring about its ree end which is held on the bolt by a head as shown. The outer ends of end members 40 and 41 are joined by longitudinal rods 43 while the inner ends are joined b longitudinal rods 44. A. sli hm arcuate 45 joins the longitudinal r 43 and 44 at their center and passes over pivot 39, but is joined to a rod 67 by a swivel-jointed tube 56.

The rods 40, 41, 43 and 44 are grooved on their inner sides as shown at 46. The members as described thus provide frames for the plane 49 atone side of the machine and a plane 50 at the other.

Shutter blades 47 which are slightly 19 bowed so that their longitudinal outline conforms to that of the end members 40 and 41 and braces 45 are fitted with pins 48 which slide inthe V-shaped grooves 46 of the rods '40, 41, 43 and 44-. It will be seen that each W of the planes 49 and 50 are equipped-with two series 51 of the shutter blades 48, one upon each side of braces 45.

Cables 52 are attached to the two pins 48 at the ends of the rearmost shutter blades El 47 in each series 51. These cables 52 then pass through the grooves 46 and then pass to an aperture 54 in brace 45, either directly or around pulleys 55 as shown. The tube 56 which opens upon this aperture 54 carries the cables to rod 67 and they are carried through the cross-bars 16 to one of the uprights 15 and to-one side of the control levers 57, 58, 59 and 60 adjacent to the pilots seat.

Cables 61 are also attached to the opposite sides of the two pins 48 above men tioned, in each series 51. and pass through the grooves 46 and thence to the opposite side of control levers 57, 58, 59, 60 from u that of the'cables 52. Cables 37 are fastened to each end of all the shutters 47 in each series 51 as shown in Figure 7, so as to prevent bunching. The cables 52 and 61 of each series of shutter blades 47 pass to 40 the same lever and it will thus be seen that,

for example, lever 57, when moved forward, will pull the blades 47 in the foremost series of; the left plane 49 .-to the front, of the framework of the'plane, the blades 47 'slid- 45 ing upon their pins 48 and these pins rotating in the rooves 46"to allow the blades to overlap as It ey -near the end of the plane. An'opposite pull upon lever57 will move the blades of the series in the opposite di- 50 rection.

The planes 49 and 50 are moved from the -pilots seat by cables 62 and 63. Each of these cables has one end fixed to one edge of the. plane it swings and thence passes to 55 a suitable control lever and back to the opposite edge of the same plane. A pair of planes 66 are hung on the rod 67 which is parallel to' the end pieces '16 of the upper frame 18 and which is attached to the middle of the cross-bars 17. These planes 66 are normally held. in a horizontal position by springs 68 but can b'e moved downwardly and towards each other by a control wire 69 running to a lever on the 5 lower frame? The purpose of these planes the rear uprights 15. A horizontal rudder 'sengers, but in such a structure additional motors orother weight would beplaced on 'the lower .frame 10 so that the greater accepts is to shut ed the air current passing up through the spider 31 when so desired.

A vertical rudder 72 is mounted upon an upright 73 fixed to the lower frame 10 and 74 is "pivoted to the rear of the lower frame 10.and a stablizer 75 is pivotally mounted below the center of lower frame 10, and is operated by cables from a lever.

In operation, the plane would rise through the action of propeller 33. In this movement the shutter blades 47 would all be drawn up to leave planes 49 and 50 0 en and planes 35 would be in such a position that they would not hamper the upward movement. The rudders 72 and 74 and stabilizer 75 would be used as desired to steer the machine.' of course the blades 47 I could be moved as desiredto vary upward speed as well as to guide the machine and a the plants 66 could be opened'or closedaccording to whether or not the pilot desired the current of air from the propeller 33 to act upon planes 35, 49 and 50 and the machine would' be more sensitive to slight movements of the controls. I The propeller 26 would be used in landing or also as an adjunct in steering the machine.

Should the motor fail, or should the pilot desire to slow down the descent of the machine at any other time, he would merely have to move the planes 35, 49 and 50 to the position where they would act most strongly to stop the descent. Closing the shutters 47 would aid in this effort andthe springs 68 would of courseclose planes 66 to stop the flow of air through the spider 31. The machinewould thus drop slowly,

parachute fashion, and as the weight of the engine and pilot are on'the lower frame 10, the center of gravity is therefore very low and danger" of capsizing is obviated. The

resilient connection between rods 17 and short rods 77 will'permit the planes 49 and 50 to more readily adjust themselves to air currents. It will of course be understood that motors mighthe mounted on the upper frame 18 as wellas means for carrying pasweight would always be on the latter frame. It is to bennderstood that the form of my invention shown and described is to be taken as a preferred example of the same and changes in shape, size and arra ment of parts may be resorted to without epart; ing from the spirit of the invetnion or the scope of the subjoined claims. 5 7

Having thus described my: invention, 1 cIaimAE-JI- l I 1. aero ane comprising a ame,-a motor carried below saidframe, a vertical shaft ending from said'motor and up past said 3mm A a propeller on the 5 r frame, said planes being equipped with slidable shutters whereby the air resisting surface may be varied, means to operate said planes and shutters, means to guide the air passing from the propeller to said planes, planes pivotally connected to the remaining two sides of said upper frame and adapted to be moved to a substantially horizontal position to counteract the downard movement of the machine,.and means to steer said machine.

3. An aeroplane comprising a lower frame, an upper frame and uprights joining said frames, a motor mounted on said lower frame, a propeller shaft driven 'by said motor extending upward between said uprights past said upper frame and carrying a propeller at its upper end, planes pivotally connected to the edges of said upper frame, planes pivotally connected to the center of said upper frame to close said frame, means to operate all of said planes from the lower frame whereby the machinemay be steered in its vertical movement, and means to steer the machine in horizontal movement.

4. An aeroplane comprising a lower frame, an upper frame and uprights con? necting said frames, a vertical shaft passing up between said uprights past said upper frame and having a propeller mounted on its upper end, means mounted on said lower frame to drive said shaft, planes pivotally connected to two opposite edges of said upper' frame said planes being provided with slidable shutters, means to operate said planes and the shutters carried thereby from the lower frame that air resisting surface may be varied, planes pivotally connected to the remaining two opposite edges of said u per frame and means to operate said p anes from said lower frame, a covered framework extending up from the edges of said upper frame to a point adjacent said ropeller shaft whereby the air assing om the propeller may be guided 'rectly to said'planes, planes pivotally connected to the center of said upper frame, and means to operate said last mentioned planes from the lower frame to close the space between the propeller shaft and said framework, a horizontal rudder pivotally connected to. said lower frame and said uprights, and landing means on said lower frame.

5. In an aeroplane, the combination with upper and lower frames connected by uprights, and a motor on said lower frame driving a vertical shaft carrying a propeller fixed thereto above said upper frame, of planes pivoted to the edges of said upper frame, said planes comprising a framework, a series of shutters-carried by said framework, means to connect the shutters in a series one to another, a pair of cables fixed to one of the two endmost shutters of said series, said cable thence passing to said lower frame, and a pair of cables fixed to said same shutters and passing in the opposite direction to said lower frame, and I means upon said lower frame to 'pull upon either of said'cables to pull upon the endmost shutter to cause it ,toaslide upon the framework of saidplane and thus cause the remaining shutters to move with it .to vary the air resisting surface of the .plane, and means to move said planes operable from said lower frame.

6; In an aeroplane, the combination with upper and lower frames connected by uprights, and a motor on said lower frame driving a vertical shaft carrying a propeller fixed, thereto above said upper frame, rods projecting past the edges of said upper frame, planes centrally pivoted to the outermost ends of said rods, said plane's being provided with series of slidable shutters, means connected to said series of shutters operable from said lower frame whereby they may be moved to vary the air resisting surface of said planes, and means to move saidplanes, operable from said lower frame.

7. In an aeroplane, the combination with a lower frame carrying a motor, an upper frame and uprights joining said frames and a propeller shaft extending up from the motor past the upper frame of means to vertically steer the aeroplaneand comprising planes a rotatable shaft to which said planes are attached, resilient members connected to said upper frame and having bearings on which said shafts are mounted, and means to swing said planes from said lower frame. In witness whereof I affix my signature.

,PEDRO GUIX GARBO. 

